Bit Rates and Pixels
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Bit Depth: how much color are you going to have
in one picture whether it is a snapshot or a picture à how much color allowed in a
still image
o
8 bit color: everything deals with the amount of
red, green, and blue (RGB)
§
256 available tints in red
§
256 available tints in green
§
256 available tints in blue
o
10 bit color
§
1024 available tints in red
§
1024 available tints in green
§
1024 available tints in blue
o
Currently for broadcasting at eight but moving
to ten
o
Most videos are mostly going to be 8 bit color
like a video on an iPhone à
deals with the amount of dots on the screen
o
With 8 bit color the computer is remembering how
much of each color it can use to create the other colors
-
Pixels and Image Dimensions
o
We are not moving to 4k
o
Pixel: (combination of picture and element)
thousands in a picture that combine together to create a whole image
o
The less pixels the blurrier the image
o
Full HD (1080p) à
4K Ultra HD (2160p) à
8k Full Ultra HD (4320p)
Video Compression
-
The discarding of excess picture and sound
information in order to reduce overall file size
-
Results in a overall reduction of file size to
enable quicker transfer of information
-
The Frame:
o
30 frames of vid per second on TV
o
First part of the discussion between two sources
o
INTRAframe Compression: analyze information
within a frame of video to determine what information can be discarded
o
INTERframe Compression: Analyze information
within a series of video to determine what information can be discarded
o
Redundant picture information is discarded
-
There is no such thing as uncompression à RAW
-
Raw information opens the camera to receive more
data (0 and 1’s)
-
Cinema DNG: captures Raw data à breaks a shot into
frames so you can individually edit
High Dynamic Range
-
the ability for a phone to capture more
information because of Raw data
-
What is color?
o
Different wavelengths of light
o
Something we see
o
Electromagnetic Spectrum à visible part of the spectrum that is seen when reflected off
different objects
o
Object rejects certain colors and keeps certain
colors
o
Additive (light) add light and Substrative (light)
subtracts light
§
When it is a screen it ususally adds light, but
when something printed you subtract light
The Human Eye
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Cones
o
Discern the difference of the colors in the
color spectrum
o
There are BLUE cones, RED cones, and GREEN cones
that see the respective colors
o
The mixing of the red, green, and blue images
create the other colors in the spectrum
o
The light that is reflected off the object is
what is perceived as the objects’ color à
ex. The leaves on the trees rejecting different colors
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Functions
o
Iris: the ability to regulate the amount of
light that enters
§
Pin size dot that open and closes that allows
different amounts of light in
o
Shutter: the exposure amount f a captured image
§
Think of blinking your eyes or taking pictures
of a lacrosse game
§
When you are capturing faster events you want a
faster shutter speed so you can capture the stills
§
The faster the shutter speed the less light is
allowed in the shot
§
Default if 1/60
o
Focus: the ability to adjust clarity of images
near or far in distance
§
Macro focus: closer focus
§
Frontal focus: allows you to see further away
o
Zoom
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