Last class we had a guest speaker, Professor Jay Dunmore, who began the class by showing us some music videos. After watching the videos, we spoke about what we liked and didn't like about them in order to better test our analytical skills when viewing a video. Then Jay proceeded to teach us about some ideas that are key to staying up to date and knowledgeable with the video or media field. Overall, I found this class to be extremely helpful because it showed me how fast the video field is growing and how advanced the technology is becoming. I really enjoyed learning about all the things Professor Jay taught us. I thought he taught the material really well and he was a really fun person to learn from. Below are some of the notes I took from the class that Jay taught:
Bit Rates and Pixels
-
Bit Depth: how much color are you going to have
in one picture whether it is a snapshot or a picture à how much color allowed in a
still image
o
8 bit color: everything deals with the amount of
red, green, and blue (RGB)
§
256 available tints in red
§
256 available tints in green
§
256 available tints in blue
o
10 bit color
§
1024 available tints in red
§
1024 available tints in green
§
1024 available tints in blue
o
Currently for broadcasting at eight but moving
to ten
o
Most videos are mostly going to be 8 bit color
like a video on an iPhone à
deals with the amount of dots on the screen
o
With 8 bit color the computer is remembering how
much of each color it can use to create the other colors
-
Pixels and Image Dimensions
o
We are not moving to 4k
o
Pixel: (combination of picture and element)
thousands in a picture that combine together to create a whole image
o
The less pixels the blurrier the image
o
Full HD (1080p) à
4K Ultra HD (2160p) à
8k Full Ultra HD (4320p)
Video Compression
-
The discarding of excess picture and sound
information in order to reduce overall file size
-
Results in a overall reduction of file size to
enable quicker transfer of information
-
The Frame:
o
30 frames of vid per second on TV
o
First part of the discussion between two sources
o
INTRAframe Compression: analyze information
within a frame of video to determine what information can be discarded
o
INTERframe Compression: Analyze information
within a series of video to determine what information can be discarded
o
Redundant picture information is discarded
-
There is no such thing as uncompression à RAW
-
Raw information opens the camera to receive more
data (0 and 1’s)
-
Cinema DNG: captures Raw data à breaks a shot into
frames so you can individually edit
High Dynamic Range
-
the ability for a phone to capture more
information because of Raw data
-
What is color?
o
Different wavelengths of light
o
Something we see
o
Electromagnetic Spectrum à visible part of the spectrum that is seen when reflected off
different objects
o
Object rejects certain colors and keeps certain
colors
o
Additive (light) add light and Substrative (light)
subtracts light
§
When it is a screen it ususally adds light, but
when something printed you subtract light
The Human Eye
-
Cones
o
Discern the difference of the colors in the
color spectrum
o
There are BLUE cones, RED cones, and GREEN cones
that see the respective colors
o
The mixing of the red, green, and blue images
create the other colors in the spectrum
o
The light that is reflected off the object is
what is perceived as the objects’ color à
ex. The leaves on the trees rejecting different colors
-
Functions
o
Iris: the ability to regulate the amount of
light that enters
§
Pin size dot that open and closes that allows
different amounts of light in
o
Shutter: the exposure amount f a captured image
§
Think of blinking your eyes or taking pictures
of a lacrosse game
§
When you are capturing faster events you want a
faster shutter speed so you can capture the stills
§
The faster the shutter speed the less light is
allowed in the shot
§
Default if 1/60
o
Focus: the ability to adjust clarity of images
near or far in distance
§
Macro focus: closer focus
§
Frontal focus: allows you to see further away
o
Zoom
